It fills the fields the document already has
A PDF form is a set of named fields plus places on the page where they appear, and the document stores both. This page reads those fields out of the file and shows one control per field: a text box for a text field, a tick for a check box, a list for a drop-down or a radio group. Every control starts with the value the document already holds, so changing one line does not mean retyping the whole form.
Because the document is edited rather than rebuilt, everything else in it survives: bookmarks, page sizes, attachments, the order of the pages, the tags a screen reader uses. That is the difference between this page and a tool that copies pages into a new document - a page copy keeps what is visible and drops the paperwork.