What a digest is, and why the same text gives the same string
A hash function takes any input and folds it into a fixed-size digest: 32 hex characters for MD5 (128 bits), 40 for SHA-1 (160 bits), 64 for SHA-256 (256 bits). The function is deterministic - the same bytes always produce the same digest, which is what makes a hash usable as a checksum - and it is one-way, which is what makes it usable for storage without keeping the original around.
It is also avalanche-heavy by design: change one character, or one byte, and the digest changes completely rather than by an obvious nearby amount. That is why an identical comparison is a strong signal that two files are byte for byte the same, and why a hash is a poor way to store structured data: there is no way back from it.
The page recomputes the digests on every keystroke in the tab, so the avalanche effect is visible live: change one character of the input and every character of all three outputs changes. It also prints how many characters were hashed, so the size of the input a digest describes is on the page rather than implied.